Examining the Relationship of Physical Exercise Peer Support, Physical Activity, and Perceived Instructional Quality with Badminton Playing Skill

Abstract

In post-pandemic Physical Education (PE) contexts where online and hybrid setups continue, skill development is often challenged by reduced structured physical engagement. These conditions reshape how peer support, daily physical activity, and perceived instructional quality relate to sport-specific skill development, such as badminton playing skill. The study employed a quantitative descriptive–correlational research design and involved 137 students from a public secondary school. Data were collected using validated questionnaires to measure peer support, physical activity levels, and perceived instructional quality, while badminton playing skills were assessed using a structured skill evaluation rubric. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, were used to describe the variables, while canonical correlation analysis was utilized to examine the relationships among the predictor and criterion variable sets. Results revealed that students generally demonstrated moderate to high levels of physical exercise peer support, moderate levels of physical activity, good perceived quality of instruction in PE, and approaching proficiency in badminton playing skills. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that physical exercise peer support was not significantly associated with badminton playing skills. Similarly, physical activity showed a weak and non-significant relationship with badminton playing skills. Likewise, perceived instructional quality in PE showed the strongest, but still non-significant, relationship with badminton playing skills. These findings suggest that although students experience moderate physical activity and supportive instructional environments, these factors alone may not be directly associated with badminton skill performance among non-athlete students. The study highlights the importance of sport-specific training opportunities and structured skill-development activities to enhance students’ badminton skills.